【论文】生物质转化为燃料的研究进展[Paper] Research Progress in Converting Biomass into Fuels

According to Green Fuel International Business Network, the International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering (IJABE) recently published a review paper titled "Research Progress in Converting Biomass into Fuels," which systematically reviews the conversion pathways, influencing factors and development directions of biomass energy as a renewable energy source against the backdrop of continuously growing global energy demand, the gradual depletion of conventional fossil fuels and increasingly severe environmental problems, providing a theoretical basis for efficient biomass utilization.

The paper notes that plant resources are an important source of biomass, including wood, straw and crop residues; animal waste such as livestock and poultry manure can be converted into biochar through anaerobic fermentation or pyrolysis; and the organic fraction of municipal solid waste, after sorting, can be converted into biochar through pyrolysis or gasification. Biomass energy has attracted wide attention for its broad sourcing and renewability, and its conversion into efficient fuels has become an important direction for addressing the energy crisis.

On conversion methods, the paper divides technologies into three categories: thermochemical methods, mainly pyrolysis, gasification and combustion; biochemical methods, covering fermentation and anaerobic digestion; and physical separation and densification technologies, which improve fuel quality and utilization efficiency through crushing, screening, drying and pelletizing. Biomass fuels are widely distributed and renewable, produce fewer greenhouse gas emissions when burned, can improve efficiency and reduce emissions when co-fired with coal, and can be used for power generation, making them a key option for replacing fossil fuel generation.

On factors affecting energy conversion, the paper finds that feedstock type and shape, moisture content, carbonization temperature and time, carbonization rate, equipment type, binder dosage, the ratio of biomass to coal slime, and carbonization gas emissions and environmental requirements all significantly affect conversion efficiency and product quality. Using high-temperature carbonization of biomass to produce biochar, which can be further processed into liquid or gaseous biofuels, serves the transportation sector.

The paper also points out current problems and future prospects: the wide variety of feedstocks means there is a lack of targeted processing standards, and conversion process standards remain incomplete. In the future, continuous innovation in equipment and processes is needed, along with improved fuel formulations, reduced use of additives, implementation of carbon capture and utilization, and stronger policy guidance and industry standards development, to promote the sustainable development of biomass fuels.